Last updated: 2021-03-16

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Load packages and dataset

library(limma)
library(DESeq2)
library(proDA)
library(tidygraph)
library(igraph)
library(ggraph)
library(pheatmap)
library(ComplexHeatmap)
library(cowplot)
library(ggbeeswarm)
library(SummarizedExperiment)
library(tidyverse)

#load datasets
load("../data/patMeta_enc.RData")
load("../data/ddsrna_enc.RData")
load("../data/proteomic_explore_enc.RData")
load("../output/deResList.RData") #precalculated differential expression
load("../output/deResListRNA.RData")
#protCLL <- protCLL[rowData(protCLL)$uniqueMap,]
source("../code/utils.R")
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, warning = FALSE, message = FALSE,dev = c("png","pdf"))

Overview of differentially expressed proteins

A table of associations with 10% FDR

resList <- filter(resList, Gene == "IGHV.status") %>%
  #mutate(adj.P.Val = adj.P.global) %>% #use IHW corrected P-value
  mutate(Chr = rowData(protCLL[id,])$chromosome_name)
resList %>% filter(adj.P.Val <= 0.05) %>% 
  select(name, Chr,logFC, P.Value, adj.P.Val) %>%
  mutate_if(is.numeric, formatC, digits=2) %>%
  DT::datatable()

Number of differentially expressed proteins

sumTab <- filter(resList, adj.P.Val < 0.05) %>% 
  mutate(dir = ifelse(t>0, "up","down"))
table(sumTab$dir)

down   up 
 269  273 

Heatmap of differentially expressed proteins (1% FDR)

proList <- filter(resList, !is.na(name), adj.P.Val < 0.01) %>% distinct(name, .keep_all = TRUE) %>% pull(id)
plotMat <- assays(protCLL)[["QRILC_combat"]][proList,]
rownames(plotMat) <- rowData(protCLL[proList,])$hgnc_symbol

colAnno <- filter(patMeta, Patient.ID %in% colnames(protCLL)) %>%
  select(Patient.ID, trisomy12, IGHV.status) %>% 
  arrange(IGHV.status) %>%
  data.frame() %>% column_to_rownames("Patient.ID")
colAnno$trisomy12 <- ifelse(colAnno$trisomy12 %in% 1, "yes","no")

plotMat <- jyluMisc::mscale(plotMat, censor = 5)
plotMat <- plotMat[,rownames(colAnno)]
annoCol <- list(trisomy12 = c(yes = "black",no = "grey80"),
                IGHV.status = c(M = colList[4], U = colList[3]),
                onChr12 = c(yes = colList[1],no = "white"))

pheatmap::pheatmap(plotMat, annotation_col = colAnno, scale = "none", cluster_cols = FALSE,
                   clustering_method = "ward.D2",
                   color = colorRampPalette(c(colList[2],"white",colList[1]))(100),
                   breaks = seq(-5,5, length.out = 101), annotation_colors = annoCol, 
                   show_rownames = FALSE, show_colnames = FALSE,
                   treeheight_row = 0)

Volcano plot

plotTab <- resList 
nameList <- c("BANK1", "CASP3", "STAT2", "PNP")
ighvVolcano <- plotVolcano(plotTab, fdrCut =0.05, x_lab="log2FoldChange", posCol = colList[1], negCol = colList[2],
            plotTitle = "IGHV status (M-CLL versus U-CLL)", ifLabel = TRUE, labelList = nameList)
ighvVolcano

Boxplot plot of selected genes

protTab <- sumToTidy(protCLL, rowID = "uniprotID", colID = "patID") %>%
  mutate(count = count_combat)
plotTab <- protTab %>% filter(hgnc_symbol %in% nameList) %>%
  mutate(IGHV = patMeta[match(patID, patMeta$Patient.ID),]$IGHV.status) %>%
  mutate(status = ifelse(IGHV %in% "M","M-CLL","U-CLL"),
         name = hgnc_symbol) %>%
  mutate(status = factor(status, levels = c("U-CLL","M-CLL")))
pList <- plotBox(plotTab, pValTabel = resList, y_lab = "Protein expression")
protBox <- cowplot::plot_grid(plotlist= pList, ncol=2)
protBox

CD38 and ZAP70 for Supplementary figure

protTab <- sumToTidy(protCLL, rowID = "uniprotID", colID = "patID") %>%
  mutate(count = count_combat)
plotTab <- protTab %>% filter(hgnc_symbol %in% c("CD38","ZAP70")) %>%
  mutate(IGHV = patMeta[match(patID, patMeta$Patient.ID),]$IGHV.status) %>%
  mutate(status = ifelse(IGHV %in% "M","M-CLL","U-CLL"),
         name = hgnc_symbol) %>%
  mutate(status = factor(status, levels = c("U-CLL","M-CLL")))
pList <- plotBox(plotTab, pValTabel = resList, y_lab = "Protein expression")
protBoxSup <- cowplot::plot_grid(plotlist= pList, ncol=2)
protBoxSup

CD38 are not detected any more

Enrichment analysis

Barplot of enriched pathways

gmts = list(H= "../data/gmts/h.all.v6.2.symbols.gmt",
            KEGG = "../data/gmts/c2.cp.kegg.v6.2.symbols.gmt")
inputTab <- resList %>% filter(adj.P.Val < 0.1, Gene == "IGHV.status") %>%
  mutate(name = rowData(protCLL[id,])$hgnc_symbol) %>% filter(!is.na(name)) %>%
  distinct(name, .keep_all = TRUE) %>%
  select(name, t) %>% data.frame() %>% column_to_rownames("name")
enRes <- list()
enRes[["Proteins associated with IGHV status"]] <- runGSEA(inputTab, gmts$H, "page")

ighvEnrich <- plotEnrichmentBar(enRes[[1]], pCut =0.1, ifFDR= TRUE, setName = "HALLMARK gene set", 
                       title = names(enRes)[1], removePrefix = "HALLMARK_", insideLegend=TRUE) +
  theme(legend.position = c(0.9,0.11))
ighvEnrich

Heatmaps of protein expression in enriched pathways

resList.sig <- filter(resList, !is.na(name), adj.P.Val < 0.05) %>% distinct(name, .keep_all = TRUE) 
plotMat <- assays(protCLL)[["QRILC_combat"]][resList.sig$id,]
rownames(plotMat) <- rowData(protCLL[rownames(plotMat),])$hgnc_symbol
colAnno <- filter(patMeta, Patient.ID %in% colnames(protCLL)) %>%
  select(Patient.ID, IGHV.status) %>%
  data.frame() %>% column_to_rownames("Patient.ID")
#colAnno$IGHV.status <- ifelse(colAnno$trisomy12 %in% 1, "yes","no")

plotMat <- jyluMisc::mscale(plotMat, censor = 5)

annoCol <- list(trisomy12 = c(yes = "black",no = "grey80"),
                IGHV.status = c(M = colList[4], U = colList[3]),
                onChr12 = c(yes = colList[1],no = "white"))
plotSetHeatmap(resList.sig, gmts$H, "HALLMARK_INTERFERON_GAMMA_RESPONSE", plotMat, colAnno, annoCol = annoCol, highLight = nameList)

plotSetHeatmap(resList.sig, gmts$H, "HALLMARK_INTERFERON_ALPHA_RESPONSE", plotMat, colAnno, annoCol = annoCol, highLight = nameList)

Compare with RNA sequencing data

Protein complex analysis

Preprocessing

Preprocessing protein and RNA data

#subset samples and genes
overSampe <- intersect(colnames(ddsCLL), colnames(protCLL))
overGene <- intersect(rownames(ddsCLL), rowData(protCLL)$ensembl_gene_id)
ddsSub <- ddsCLL[overGene, overSampe]
protSub <- protCLL[match(overGene, rowData(protCLL)$ensembl_gene_id),overSampe]
rowData(ddsSub)$uniprotID <- rownames(protSub)[match(rownames(ddsSub),rowData(protSub)$ensembl_gene_id)]

#vst
ddsSub.vst <- varianceStabilizingTransformation(ddsSub)

Processing protein complex data

int_pairs <- int_pairs <- read_csv2("../output/int_pairs.csv") 

Construct protein-protein interaction network by “cause” proteins and “effect” proteins

fdrCut <- 0.05
resTab <- select(allRes, name, uniprotID, chrom, padj, padj.rna, logFC, log2FC.rna) %>%
  mutate(sigProt = padj <= fdrCut,
         sigRna = padj.rna <=fdrCut,
         upProt = logFC > 0,
         upRna = log2FC.rna >0)
comTab <- int_pairs %>% select(ProtA, ProtB, database) %>%
  left_join(resTab, by = c(ProtA = "uniprotID")) %>%
  left_join(resTab, by = c(ProtB = "uniprotID"))

comTab.filter <- comTab %>%
  filter(sigProt.x, sigProt.y, logFC.x*logFC.y >0) %>%
  mutate(direct = ifelse(logFC.x >0, "stabilizing", "destabilizing")) %>%
  mutate(source = case_when(
    sigProt.x & sigRna.x & sigProt.y & !sigRna.y ~ name.x,
    sigProt.y & sigRna.y & sigProt.x & !sigRna.x ~ name.y)) %>%
  filter(!is.na(source)) %>%
  mutate(target = ifelse(name.x == source, name.y, name.x)) %>%
  select(source, target, direct)
#get node list
allNodes <- union(comTab.filter$source, comTab.filter$target) 

nodeList <- data.frame(id = seq(length(allNodes))-1, name = allNodes, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>%
  mutate(causal = ifelse(name %in% comTab.filter$source, "cause", "effect"))

#get edge list
edgeList <- select(comTab.filter, source, target, direct) %>%
  dplyr::rename(Source = source, Target = target) %>% 
  mutate(Source = nodeList[match(Source,nodeList$name),]$id,
         Target = nodeList[match(Target, nodeList$name),]$id) %>%
  data.frame(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

net <- graph_from_data_frame(vertices = nodeList, d=edgeList, directed = FALSE)
tidyNet <- as_tbl_graph(net)
complexNet <- ggraph(tidyNet, layout = "igraph", algorithm = "nicely") + 
  geom_edge_link(aes(linetype = direct),color = colList[3], width=1) + 
  geom_node_point(aes(color =causal, shape = causal), size=6) + 
  geom_node_text(aes(label = name), repel = TRUE, size=6) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c(cause = colList[1],effect = colList[2])) +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c(stabilizing = "solid", destabilizing = "dashed"))+
  scale_edge_color_brewer(palette = "Set2") +
  theme_graph(base_family = "sans") + theme(legend.position = "none")  
complexNet

Proteins associated with methylation clusters

Identify proteins associated with methylation clusters

Process proteomics data

protMat <- assays(protCLL)[["count"]] #without imputation

Get methylation cluster information

methTab <- data.frame(row.names = colnames(protMat),
                      Mclust = factor(patMeta[match(colnames(protMat),patMeta$Patient.ID),]$Methylation_Cluster,
                                        levels = c("LP","IP","HP")),
                      batch= factor(protCLL[,colnames(protMat)]$batch))
designMat <- model.matrix(~0+Mclust+batch, methTab)
#designMat[,"batch"] <- factor(protCLL[,rownames(designMat)]$batch)
#designMat <- cbind(data.frame(row.names = rownames(designMat), Intercept = rep(1, nrow(designMat)),designMat))
protMat <- protMat[,rownames(designMat)]

How many sample have methylation cluster information

nrow(designMat)
[1] 82

Numbers of samples in each cluster

table(methTab$Mclust)

LP IP HP 
38 17 27 

Fit the probailistic dropout model

fit <- proDA(protMat, designMat)

Proteins differentially expressed between HP and LP group

resTab <- test_diff(fit, contrast = MclustHP-MclustLP) %>%
  dplyr::rename(id = name, logFC = diff, t=t_statistic,
                  P.Value = pval, adj.P.Val = adj_pval) %>% 
    mutate(name = rowData(protCLL[id,])$hgnc_symbol) %>%
    select(name, id, logFC, t, P.Value, adj.P.Val) %>%  
    arrange(P.Value) %>% 
    as_tibble()

Compare with proteins associated with IGHV status

comList <- list()
comList[["M-CLL_up"]] <- filter(resList, Gene == "IGHV.status", logFC>0,adj.P.Val < 0.1)$name
comList[["M-CLL_down"]] <- filter(resList, Gene == "IGHV.status", logFC<0,adj.P.Val < 0.1)$name
comList[["HP-CLL_up"]] <- filter(resTab,logFC > 0,adj.P.Val < 0.1)$name
comList[["HP-CLL_down"]] <- filter(resTab,logFC < 0,adj.P.Val < 0.1)$name

UpSetR::upset(UpSetR::fromList(comList), main.bar.color = colList[2], sets.bar.color = colList[4])

Boxplots of example proteins

protTab <- sumToTidy(protCLL, rowID = "uniprotID", colID = "patID") %>%
  mutate(count = count_combat)
plotTab <- protTab %>% filter(hgnc_symbol %in% nameList) %>%
  mutate(status = patMeta[match(patID, patMeta$Patient.ID),]$Methylation_Cluster,
         name = hgnc_symbol) %>%
  mutate(status = factor(status, levels = c("LP","IP","HP")))
pList <- plotBox(plotTab, pValTabel = resTab, y_lab = "Protein expression")
cowplot::plot_grid(plotlist= pList, ncol=2)

IP-specific proteins

resTab <- test_diff(fit, MclustIP - (MclustHP + MclustLP)/2) %>%
  dplyr::rename(id = name, logFC = diff, t=t_statistic,
                  P.Value = pval, adj.P.Val = adj_pval) %>% 
    mutate(name = rowData(protCLL[id,])$hgnc_symbol) %>%
    select(name, id, logFC, t, P.Value, adj.P.Val) %>%  
    arrange(P.Value) %>% 
    as_tibble()
resTab.sig <- filter(resTab,adj.P.Val < 0.1)

How many cases show IP specific changes at 10% FDR?

nrow(resTab.sig)
[1] 19
resTab.sig
# A tibble: 19 x 6
   name     id      logFC     t    P.Value adj.P.Val
   <chr>    <chr>   <dbl> <dbl>      <dbl>     <dbl>
 1 MAST3    O60307 -0.588 -4.76 0.00000871    0.0289
 2 ARHGAP25 P42331 -0.308 -4.56 0.0000185     0.0306
 3 TP53I11  O14683 -1.00  -4.44 0.0000296     0.0327
 4 COBLL1   Q53SF7  1.28   4.34 0.0000425     0.0352
 5 HINT2    Q9BX68 -0.380 -4.26 0.0000561     0.0357
 6 TPP2     P29144 -0.560 -4.22 0.0000647     0.0357
 7 CD2BP2   O95400 -0.300 -4.13 0.0000896     0.0386
 8 SKIV2L   Q15477 -0.472 -4.10 0.000101      0.0386
 9 FLOT1    O75955 -0.492 -4.09 0.000105      0.0386
10 ZNF428   Q96B54  0.408  4.01 0.000137      0.0454
11 SUGP1    Q8IWZ8  0.347  3.90 0.000206      0.0551
12 ABLIM1   O14639  0.576  3.89 0.000213      0.0551
13 TLE3     Q04726 -0.631 -3.88 0.000216      0.0551
14 PARK7    Q99497 -0.202 -3.73 0.000366      0.0867
15 WDFY4    Q6ZS81 -0.392 -3.69 0.000420      0.0900
16 RTF1     Q92541 -0.245 -3.67 0.000435      0.0900
17 NAGK     Q9UJ70 -0.444 -3.64 0.000490      0.0949
18 DLST     P36957 -0.409 -3.62 0.000528      0.0949
19 GPD2     P43304  0.496  3.61 0.000544      0.0949

Boxplots of IP-specific proteins

seleProts <- c("FLOT1", "MAST3", "COBLL1","CD2BP2")
protTab <- sumToTidy(protCLL, rowID = "uniprotID", colID = "patID") %>%
  mutate(count = count_combat)
plotTab <- protTab %>% filter(hgnc_symbol %in% seleProts) %>%
  mutate(status = patMeta[match(patID, patMeta$Patient.ID),]$Methylation_Cluster,
         name = hgnc_symbol) %>%
  mutate(status = factor(status, levels = c("LP","IP","HP")))
pList <- plotBox(plotTab, pValTabel = resTab, y_lab = "Protein expression")
methBox <- cowplot::plot_grid(plotlist= pList, ncol=2)
methBox

Assemble figures

Main figure 3

leftCol <- plot_grid(ighvVolcano, complexNet, ncol = 1, rel_heights = c(0.45,0.55),
                     labels = c("A","D"), label_size = 20)
rightCol <- plot_grid(ighvEnrich, protBox, ncol = 1,
                      rel_heights = c(0.3,0.4),
                      labels = c("B","C"), label_size=20)
plot_grid(leftCol, rightCol, rel_widths = c(0.45,0.55))


sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS  10.16

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRblas.dylib
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
 [1] grid      parallel  stats4    stats     graphics  grDevices utils    
 [8] datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] piano_2.4.0                 latex2exp_0.4.0            
 [3] forcats_0.5.1               stringr_1.4.0              
 [5] dplyr_1.0.5                 purrr_0.3.4                
 [7] readr_1.4.0                 tidyr_1.1.3                
 [9] tibble_3.1.0                tidyverse_1.3.0            
[11] ggbeeswarm_0.6.0            cowplot_1.1.1              
[13] ComplexHeatmap_2.4.3        pheatmap_1.0.12            
[15] ggraph_2.0.5                ggplot2_3.3.3              
[17] igraph_1.2.6                tidygraph_1.2.0            
[19] proDA_1.2.0                 DESeq2_1.28.1              
[21] SummarizedExperiment_1.18.2 DelayedArray_0.14.1        
[23] matrixStats_0.58.0          Biobase_2.48.0             
[25] GenomicRanges_1.40.0        GenomeInfoDb_1.24.2        
[27] IRanges_2.22.2              S4Vectors_0.26.1           
[29] BiocGenerics_0.34.0         limma_3.44.3               

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
  [1] shinydashboard_0.7.1   utf8_1.1.4             tidyselect_1.1.0      
  [4] RSQLite_2.2.3          AnnotationDbi_1.50.3   htmlwidgets_1.5.3     
  [7] BiocParallel_1.22.0    maxstat_0.7-25         munsell_0.5.0         
 [10] codetools_0.2-18       DT_0.17                withr_2.4.1           
 [13] colorspace_2.0-0       highr_0.8              knitr_1.31            
 [16] rstudioapi_0.13        ggsignif_0.6.1         labeling_0.4.2        
 [19] git2r_0.28.0           slam_0.1-48            GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.3
 [22] KMsurv_0.1-5           polyclip_1.10-0        bit64_4.0.5           
 [25] farver_2.1.0           rprojroot_2.0.2        vctrs_0.3.6           
 [28] generics_0.1.0         TH.data_1.0-10         xfun_0.21             
 [31] sets_1.0-18            R6_2.5.0               clue_0.3-58           
 [34] graphlayouts_0.7.1     locfit_1.5-9.4         fgsea_1.14.0          
 [37] bitops_1.0-6           cachem_1.0.4           assertthat_0.2.1      
 [40] promises_1.2.0.1       scales_1.1.1           multcomp_1.4-16       
 [43] beeswarm_0.3.1         gtable_0.3.0           extraDistr_1.9.1      
 [46] sandwich_3.0-0         workflowr_1.6.2        rlang_0.4.10          
 [49] genefilter_1.70.0      GlobalOptions_0.1.2    splines_4.0.2         
 [52] rstatix_0.7.0          broom_0.7.5            yaml_2.2.1            
 [55] abind_1.4-5            modelr_0.1.8           crosstalk_1.1.1       
 [58] backports_1.2.1        httpuv_1.5.5           relations_0.6-9       
 [61] tools_4.0.2            ellipsis_0.3.1         gplots_3.1.1          
 [64] jquerylib_0.1.3        RColorBrewer_1.1-2     plyr_1.8.6            
 [67] Rcpp_1.0.6             visNetwork_2.0.9       zlibbioc_1.34.0       
 [70] RCurl_1.98-1.2         ggpubr_0.4.0           GetoptLong_1.0.5      
 [73] viridis_0.5.1          zoo_1.8-9              haven_2.3.1           
 [76] ggrepel_0.9.1          cluster_2.1.1          exactRankTests_0.8-31 
 [79] fs_1.5.0               magrittr_2.0.1         data.table_1.14.0     
 [82] openxlsx_4.2.3         circlize_0.4.12        survminer_0.4.9       
 [85] reprex_1.0.0           mvtnorm_1.1-1          shinyjs_2.0.0         
 [88] hms_1.0.0              mime_0.10              evaluate_0.14         
 [91] xtable_1.8-4           XML_3.99-0.5           rio_0.5.26            
 [94] readxl_1.3.1           gridExtra_2.3          shape_1.4.5           
 [97] compiler_4.0.2         KernSmooth_2.23-18     crayon_1.4.1          
[100] htmltools_0.5.1.1      mgcv_1.8-34            later_1.1.0.1         
[103] geneplotter_1.66.0     lubridate_1.7.10       DBI_1.1.1             
[106] tweenr_1.0.1           dbplyr_2.1.0           MASS_7.3-53.1         
[109] jyluMisc_0.1.5         Matrix_1.3-2           car_3.0-10            
[112] cli_2.3.1              marray_1.66.0          km.ci_0.5-2           
[115] pkgconfig_2.0.3        foreign_0.8-81         xml2_1.3.2            
[118] annotate_1.66.0        vipor_0.4.5            bslib_0.2.4           
[121] XVector_0.28.0         drc_3.0-1              rvest_1.0.0           
[124] digest_0.6.27          fastmatch_1.1-0        rmarkdown_2.7         
[127] cellranger_1.1.0       survMisc_0.5.5         curl_4.3              
[130] shiny_1.6.0            gtools_3.8.2           rjson_0.2.20          
[133] nlme_3.1-152           lifecycle_1.0.0        jsonlite_1.7.2        
[136] carData_3.0-4          viridisLite_0.3.0      fansi_0.4.2           
[139] pillar_1.5.1           lattice_0.20-41        fastmap_1.1.0         
[142] httr_1.4.2             plotrix_3.8-1          survival_3.2-7        
[145] glue_1.4.2             UpSetR_1.4.0           zip_2.1.1             
[148] png_0.1-7              bit_4.0.4              ggforce_0.3.3         
[151] stringi_1.5.3          sass_0.3.1             blob_1.2.1            
[154] caTools_1.18.1         memoise_2.0.0